一、Spring Data JPA 为此提供了一些表达条件查询的关键字
1 And --- 等价于 SQL 中的 and 关键字,比如 findByUsernameAndPassword(String user, Striang pwd); 2 Or --- 等价于 SQL 中的 or 关键字,比如 findByUsernameOrAddress(String user, String addr); 3 Between --- 等价于 SQL 中的 between 关键字,比如 findBySalaryBetween(int max, int min); 4 LessThan --- 等价于 SQL 中的 "<",比如 findBySalaryLessThan(int max); 5 GreaterThan --- 等价于 SQL 中的">",比如 findBySalaryGreaterThan(int min); 6 IsNull --- 等价于 SQL 中的 "is null",比如 findByUsernameIsNull(); 7 IsNotNull --- 等价于 SQL 中的 "is not null",比如 findByUsernameIsNotNull(); 8 NotNull --- 与 IsNotNull 等价; 9 Like --- 等价于 SQL 中的 "like",比如 findByUsernameLike(String user);10 NotLike --- 等价于 SQL 中的 "not like",比如 findByUsernameNotLike(String user);11 OrderBy --- 等价于 SQL 中的 "order by",比如 findByUsernameOrderBySalaryAsc(String user);12 Not --- 等价于 SQL 中的 "! =",比如 findByUsernameNot(String user);13 In --- 等价于 SQL 中的 "in",比如 findByUsernameIn(CollectionuserList) ,方法的参数可以是 Collection 类型,也可以是数组或者不定长参数;14 NotIn --- 等价于 SQL 中的 "not in",比如 findByUsernameNotIn(Collection userList) ,方法的参数可以是 Collection 类型,也可以是数组或者不定长参数;
二、使用 @Query 创建查询
@Query 注解的使用非常简单,只需在声明的方法上面标注该注解,同时提供一个 JP QL 查询语句即可,如下所示:
1 public interface UserDao extends Repository{ 2 3 @Query("select a from AccountInfo a where a.accountId = ?1") 4 public AccountInfo findByAccountId(Long accountId); 5 6 @Query("select a from AccountInfo a where a.balance > ?1") 7 public Page findByBalanceGreaterThan( 8 Integer balance,Pageable pageable); 9 }
很多开发者在创建 JP QL 时喜欢使用命名参数来代替位置编号,@Query 也对此提供了支持。JP QL 语句中通过": 变量"的格式来指定参数,同时在方法的参数前面使用 @Param 将方法参数与 JP QL 中的命名参数对应,示例如下:
1 public interface UserDao extends Repository{ 2 3 public AccountInfo save(AccountInfo accountInfo); 4 5 @Query("from AccountInfo a where a.accountId = :id") 6 public AccountInfo findByAccountId(@Param("id")Long accountId); 7 8 @Query("from AccountInfo a where a.balance > :balance") 9 public Page findByBalanceGreaterThan( 10 @Param("balance")Integer balance,Pageable pageable); 11 }
此外,开发者也可以通过使用 @Query 来执行一个更新操作,为此,我们需要在使用 @Query 的同时,用 @Modifying 来将该操作标识为修改查询,这样框架最终会生成一个更新的操作,而非查询。如下所示:
1 @Modifying 2 @Query("update AccountInfo a set a.salary = ?1 where a.salary < ?2") 3 public int increaseSalary(int after, int before);
三、SpringData-懒加载的作用和应用场景
预期: 启用懒加载后,对Student表取数,不会自动带出Course集合 当student1.getCourse()使用集合时,再执行Student取数作用: 当不需要使用Course集合引用时,不会执行多余的查询,提升效率
四、springdataJpa复杂查询
package bidding.model.specification;import bidding.model.dto.BiddingSupplierOrderManagerModelDto;import bidding.model.po.JcbdBdProvider;import bidding.model.po.JcbdBidding;import bidding.model.po.JcbdBiddingOrderItem;import bidding.model.po.JcbdMallOrder;import lombok.Data;import org.springframework.data.jpa.domain.Specification;import utils.Lang;import utils.string.StringUtils;import javax.persistence.criteria.*;import java.util.ArrayList;import java.util.List;/*** @date 2018/4/14*/@Datapublic class BiddingSupplierOrderManagerSpecificationimplements Specification { private BiddingSupplierOrderManagerModelDto biddingSupplierOrderManagerModelDto; public BiddingSupplierOrderManagerSpecification() { } public BiddingSupplierOrderManagerSpecification(BiddingSupplierOrderManagerModelDto biddingSupplierOrderManagerModelDto) { this.biddingSupplierOrderManagerModelDto = biddingSupplierOrderManagerModelDto; } @Override public Predicate toPredicate(Root root, CriteriaQuery query, CriteriaBuilder cb) { List predicates = new ArrayList<>(); predicates.add(cb.equal(root.get("isDelete"), false)); predicates.add(cb.isNotNull(root.get("supplierOrderStatus"))); if (!StringUtils.isEmpty(biddingSupplierOrderManagerModelDto.getProviderId()) && !biddingSupplierOrderManagerModelDto.getProviderId().isEmpty()) { predicates.add(cb.equal(root.get("providerId"), biddingSupplierOrderManagerModelDto.getProviderId())); } if (!StringUtils.isEmpty(biddingSupplierOrderManagerModelDto.getBiddingCode()) && !biddingSupplierOrderManagerModelDto.getBiddingCode().isEmpty()) { predicates.add(cb.equal(root.get("jcbdOrder").get("jcbdBidding").get("biddingCode"), biddingSupplierOrderManagerModelDto.getBiddingCode())); } if (!StringUtils.isEmpty(biddingSupplierOrderManagerModelDto.getGoodsCode()) && !biddingSupplierOrderManagerModelDto.getGoodsCode().isEmpty()) { Join biddingJoin = root.join("jcbdBiddingOrderItems",JoinType.INNER); predicates.add(cb.equal(biddingJoin.get("sku"), biddingSupplierOrderManagerModelDto.getGoodsCode())); } if (!Lang.isEmpty(biddingSupplierOrderManagerModelDto.getStatus())) { predicates.add(cb.equal(root.get("supplierOrderStatus"), biddingSupplierOrderManagerModelDto.getStatus())); } if (biddingSupplierOrderManagerModelDto.getOrderStartTime() != null) { predicates.add(cb.greaterThanOrEqualTo(root.get("dateCreated"), biddingSupplierOrderManagerModelDto.getOrderStartTime())); } if (biddingSupplierOrderManagerModelDto.getOrderEndTime() != null) { predicates.add(cb.lessThanOrEqualTo(root.get("dateCreated"), biddingSupplierOrderManagerModelDto.getOrderEndTime())); } return query.where(predicates.toArray(new Predicate[predicates.size()])).getRestriction(); }}
package bidding.model.po;import bidding.model.po.base.BaseDomain;import com.alibaba.fastjson.annotation.JSONField;import org.hibernate.annotations.GenericGenerator;import javax.persistence.*;import java.io.Serializable;import java.util.Date;import java.util.List;/** * @version 0.9 竞价采购实物商城订单表 2018-3-7 14:31:21. */@Entitypublic class JcbdMallOrder extends BaseDomain implements Serializable { /** * 主键. */ @Id @GenericGenerator(name = "PKUUID", strategy = "uuid2") @GeneratedValue(generator = "PKUUID") private String id; /** * 竞价id. */ @ManyToOne @JoinColumn(name = "JCBD_ORDER_ID", foreignKey = @ForeignKey(name = "FK_BIDDING_MALL_ORDER")) private JcbdOrder jcbdOrder; @OneToMany(mappedBy = "jcbdMallOrder",fetch = FetchType.LAZY,cascade = CascadeType.ALL) ListjcbdBiddingOrderItems; ..........}package bidding.model.po;import bidding.model.po.base.BaseDomain;
import org.hibernate.annotations.GenericGenerator;import javax.persistence.Entity;import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;import javax.persistence.Id;import javax.persistence.ManyToOne;/** * 竞价订单商品项表 * * @author torvalds on 2018/4/24 21:36. * @version 1.0 */@Entitypublic class JcbdBiddingOrderItem extends BaseDomain { /** * 主键. */ @Id @GenericGenerator(name = "PKUUID", strategy = "uuid2") @GeneratedValue(generator = "PKUUID") private String id; @ManyToOne private JcbdMallOrder jcbdMallOrder; private String sku; ..........}
五、JPA注解介绍
JPA 注解的几个要点
1.设置Pojo为实体
1 @Entity //标识这个pojo是一个jpa实体 2 public class Users implements Serializable { 3 }
2.设置表名
1 @Entity 2 @Table(name = "users") //指定表名为users 3 public class Users implements Serializable { 4 }
3.设置主键
1 public class Users implements Serializable { 2 @Id 3 private String userCode;
4. 设置字段类型
1 通过@Column注解设置,包含的设置如下 2 name:字段名 3 unique:是否唯一 4 nullable:是否可以为空 5 inserttable:是否可以插入 6 updateable:是否可以更新 7 columnDefinition: 定义建表时创建此列的DDL 8 secondaryTable: 从表名。如果此列不建在主表上(默认建在主表),该属性定义该列所在从表的名字。 9 10 @Column(name = "user_code", nullable = false, length=32)//设置属性userCode对应的字段为user_code,长度为32,非空 11 private String userCode; 12 @Column(name = "user_wages", nullable = true, precision=12, scale=2)//设置属性wages对应的字段为user_wages,12位数字可保留两位小数,可以为空 13 private double wages; 14 @Temporal(TemporalType.DATE)//设置为时间类型 15 private Date joinDate;
5.字段排序
在加载数据的时候可以为其指定顺序,使用@OrderBy注解实现
1 @Table(name = "USERS") 2 public class User { 3 @OrderBy(name = "group_name ASC, name DESC") 4 private List books = new ArrayList(); 5 }
6.主键生成策略
1 public class Users implements Serializable { 2 @Id 3 @GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.IDENTITY)//主键自增,注意,这种方式依赖于具体的数据库,如果数据库不支持自增主键,那么这个类型是没法用的 4 @Column(name = "user_id", nullable = false) 5 private int userId; 6 7 8 public class Users implements Serializable { 9 @Id 10 @GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.TABLE)//通过一个表来实现主键id的自增,这种方式不依赖于具体的数据库,可以解决数据迁移的问题 11 @Column(name = "user_code", nullable = false) 12 private String userCode; 13 14 15 public class Users implements Serializable { 16 @Id 17 @GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.SEQUENCE)//通过Sequence来实现表主键自增,这种方式依赖于数据库是否有SEQUENCE,如果没有就不能用 18 @SequenceGenerator(name="seq_user") 19 @Column(name = "user_id", nullable = false) 20 private int userId;
7.一对多映射关系
有T_One和T_Many两个表,他们是一对多的关系,注解范例如下 主Pojo
1 @Entity 2 @Table(name = "T_ONE") 3 public class One implements Serializable { 4 private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; 5 @Id 6 @Column(name = "ONE_ID", nullable = false) 7 private String oneId; 8 @Column(name = "DESCRIPTION") 9 private String description; 10 @OneToMany(cascade = CascadeType.ALL, mappedBy = "oneId")//指向多的那方的pojo的关联外键字段 11 private CollectionmanyCollection;
子Pojo
1 @Entity 2 @Table(name = "T_MANY") 3 public class Many implements Serializable { 4 private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; 5 @Id 6 @Column(name = "MANY_ID", nullable = false) 7 private String manyId; 8 @Column(name = "DESCRIPTION") 9 private String description; 10 11 @JoinColumn(name = "ONE_ID", referencedColumnName = "ONE_ID")//设置对应数据表的列名和引用的数据表的列名 12 @ManyToOne//设置在“一方”pojo的外键字段上 13 private One oneId;
8.多对多映射关系
貌似多对多关系不需要设置级联,以前用hibernate的时候着实为多对多的级联头疼了一阵子,JPA的多对多还需要实际的尝试一下才能有所体会。 估计JPA的多对多也是可以转换成两个一对多的。 第一个Pojo
1 @Entity 2 @Table(name = "T_MANYA") 3 public class ManyA implements Serializable { 4 private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; 5 @Id 6 @Column(name = "MANYA_ID", nullable = false) 7 private String manyaId; 8 @Column(name = "DESCRIPTION") 9 private String description; 10 @ManyToMany 11 @JoinTable(name = "TMANY1_TMANY2", joinColumns = {@JoinColumn(name = "MANYA_ID", referencedColumnName = "MANYA_ID")}, inverseJoinColumns = {@JoinColumn(name = "MANYB_ID", referencedColumnName = "MANYB_ID")}) 12 private CollectionmanybIdCollection;
第二个Pojo
1 @Entity 2 @Table(name = "T_MANYB") 3 public class ManyB implements Serializable { 4 private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; 5 @Id 6 @Column(name = "MANYB_ID", nullable = false) 7 private String manybId; 8 @Column(name = "DESCRIPTION") 9 private String description; 10 @ManyToMany(mappedBy = "manybIdCollection") 11 private CollectionmanyaIdCollection;
9.一对一映射关系
主Pojo
1 @Entity 2 @Table(name = "T_ONEA") 3 public class OneA implements Serializable { 4 private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; 5 @Id 6 @Column(name = "ONEA_ID", nullable = false) 7 private String oneaId; 8 @Column(name = "DESCRIPTION") 9 private String description; 10 @OneToOne(cascade = CascadeType.ALL, mappedBy = "oneA")//主Pojo这方的设置比较简单,只要设置好级联和映射到从Pojo的外键就可以了。 11 private OneB oneB;
从Pojo
1 @Entity 2 @Table(name = "T_ONEB") 3 public class OneB implements Serializable { 4 private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; 5 @Id 6 @Column(name = "ONEA_ID", nullable = false) 7 private String oneaId; 8 @Column(name = "DESCRIPTION") 9 private String description; 10 @JoinColumn(name = "ONEA_ID", referencedColumnName = "ONEA_ID", insertable = false, updatable = false)//设置从方指向主方的关联外键,这个ONEA_ID其实是表T_ONEA的主键 11 @OneToOne 12 private OneA oneA;
10 .大字段
1 @Lob //对应Blob字段类型 2 @Column(name = "PHOTO") 3 private Serializable photo; 4 @Lob //对应Clob字段类型 5 @Column(name = "DESCRIPTION") 6 private String description;
11.瞬时字段
不需要与数据库映射的字段,在保存的时候不需要保存倒数据库
1 @Transient 2 private int tempValue; 3 4 public int getTempValue(){ 5 get tempValue; 6 } 7 8 public void setTempValue(int value){ 9 this.tempValue = value; 10 }
12.总结示例
1 @Entity --声明为一个实体bean 2 @Table (name= "promotion_info" ) --为实体bean映射指定表(表名="promotion_info) 3 @Id --声明了该实体bean的标识属性 4 @GeneratedValue --可以定义标识字段的生成策略. 5 @Transient --将忽略这些字段和属性,不用持久化到数据库 6 @Column (name= "promotion_remark" )--声明列(字段名= "promotion_total" ) 属性还包括(length= 200 等) 7 @Temporal (TemporalType.TIMESTAMP)--声明时间格式 8 @Enumerated --声明枚举 9 @Version --声明添加对乐观锁定的支持 10 @OneToOne --可以建立实体bean之间的一对一的关联 11 @OneToMany --可以建立实体bean之间的一对多的关联 12 @ManyToOne --可以建立实体bean之间的多对一的关联 13 @ManyToMany --可以建立实体bean之间的多对多的关联 14 @Formula --一个SQL表达式,这种属性是只读的,不在数据库生成属性(可以使用sum、average、max等) 15 @Entity 16 @Table (name= "promotion_info" ) 17 public class Promotion implements Serializable { 18 19 //AUTO--可以是identity类型的字段,或者sequence类型或者table类型,取决于不同的底层数据库 20 @Id 21 @GeneratedValue (strategy = GenerationType.AUTO) 22 private Long id; 23 24 @Column (name= "group_start_amount" ) 25 private Integer groupStartAmount= 0 ; 26 27 @Column (name= "promotion_remark" ,length= 200 ) 28 //@Lob 如果是文章内容可以使用 只需要把length=200去掉就可以了 29 private String remark; 30 //DATE - java.sql.Date 31 //TIME - java.sql.Time 32 //TIMESTAMP - java.sql.Timestamp 33 @Temporal (TemporalType.TIMESTAMP) 34 @Column (name= "start_time" ) 35 private Date startTime; 36 37 //显示0 隐藏1 38 public static enum DisplayType { 39 显示,隐藏 40 } 41 @Enumerated (value = EnumType.ORDINAL) //ORDINAL序数 42 private DisplayType displayType = DisplayType.显示; 43 44 @Version 45 private Integer version; 46 47 //CascadeType.PERSIST -- 触发级联创建(create) 48 //CascadeType.MERGE -- 触发级联合并(update) 49 //FetchType.LAZY -- 延迟加载 50 @ManyToOne (cascade = {CascadeType.PERSIST,CascadeType.MERGE},fetch = FetchType.LAZY) 51 private PromotionGroup promotionGroup; 52 53 //单向ManyToMany 54 //@JoinTable(关联的表名) 55 //joinColumns -- promotion关联的列的外键 56 //inverseJoinColumns -- largess 关联列的外键 57 @ManyToMany (cascade = {CascadeType.PERSIST,CascadeType.MERGE}) 58 @JoinTable (name= "promotion_largess" ,joinColumns={ @JoinColumn (name= "promotion_id" )},inverseJoinColumns={ @JoinColumn (name= "largess_id" )}) 59 private Setlargess; 60 61 //get set 省略.... 62 63 } 64 @Entity 65 @Table (name= "promotion_group" ) 66 public class PromotionGroup implements Serializable { 67 @Id 68 @GeneratedValue (strategy = GenerationType.AUTO) 69 private Long id; 70 71 //mappedBy的值"promotionGroup"指向owner(Promotion)端的关联属性,并且是双向关系 72 @OneToMany (mappedBy= "promotionGroup" ,cascade=CascadeType.ALL) 73 private List promotion; 74 75 //get set 省略.... 76 } 77 @Entity 78 @Table (name= "largess" ) 79 public class Largess implements Serializable { 80 @Id 81 @GeneratedValue (strategy = GenerationType.AUTO) 82 private Long id; 83 84 //1.sql语句中的字段和表名都应该和数据库相应,而不是类中的字段, 85 //若带有参数如la.id= id,这个=id才是类中属性 86 //2.操作字段一定要用别名 87 @Formula (select max(la.id) from largess as la) 88 private int maxId; 89 90 @Formula (select COUNT(la.id) from largess la) 91 private int count; 92 93 @Transient 94 private String img 95 96 //get set 省略.... 97 }